LA LEUCINA EN EL DESEMPEÑO DEPORTIVO: EJERCICIOS AERÓBICOS Y ANAERÓBICOS
LEUCINE IN SPORTS PERFORMANCE: AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC EXERCISES
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La leucina es un aminoácido utilizado por las células para la síntesis de proteínas, juega un rol importante en el rendimiento físico de los deportistas, en la degradación del tejido muscular por el envejecimiento natural y el anabolismo muscular, por ende, es importante conocer las principales diferencias de su uso como suplemento dietético en los ejercicios aeróbicos y anaeróbicos, porque, estos demandan un desarrollo muscular y un suministro de energía diferente por parte de los sistemas energéticos. Se identificaron las diferencias en la síntesis muscular en los ejercicios aeróbicos y anaeróbicos con una dieta rica en leucina, el impacto en el rendimiento muscular tras una ingesta de leucina, límite del cuerpo humano en el metabolismo de la leucina y los efectos adversos de una ingesta incrementada del aminoácido antes mencionado. Se recopilaron diversos artículos de investigación que permitieron identificar esta información y se procedió a un análisis y comparación de resultados. Se concluyó que la leucina, como aminoácido esencial, debe ser suministrado a través de la dieta, y su consumo, debe ser paralelo a una dieta rica en proteínas. La leucina ofrece mejoras leves al rendimiento deportivo, pero, ayuda en la recuperación luego de ejercicios de gran intensidad, donde haya daño muscular, posiblemente limitando su efectividad como ayuda ergogénica, y por ende, su principal aplicación radica en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y la sarcopenia. La leucina no tiene efectos adversos en su uso, pero se recomienda una dosis máxima de 550mg/kg diarios, principalmente como medida preventiva ante la falta de estudios a largo plazo de la exposición a la leucina en elevadas concentraciones.
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