MÉTODOS DE EVALUACIÓN DE LA PROPIOCEPCIÓN EN DEPORTISTAS. REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA

METHODS OF EVALUATING THE PROPIOCEPTION IN ATHLETES. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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Margareth Lorena Alfonso Mora
Natalia Jimena Rincón Bolívar
Paula Andrea Betancourt Cárdenas
Nubia Esperanza Camargo Caldas
Elizabeth Andrea Rojas Tavera
Carolina Sáenz Garzón

Resumen

Antecedentes: Las lesiones deportivas generan déficits en la respuesta sensoriomotora, afectando el sistema neuromuscular, propioceptivo, somatosensorial y vestibular (Sadegui, H., et al., 2017). La importancia de la propiocepción ha sido bien establecida en la prevención y rehabilitación de lesiones deportivas, en el desempeño deportivo y la identificación de talentos (Riemann, B., et al., 2002). No obstante, en el deporte las lesiones musculoesqueléticas son frecuentes, trayendo consigo alteraciones en el sistema propioceptivo (Fort, A., Romero, D., 2013). Objetivo: describir cuáles son los métodos que son usados actualmente para la valoración de la propiocepción según lo reportado por la literatura y si alguno de ellos tiene aplicabilidad clínica en el ámbito deportivo. Materiales y Métodos: Se consultaron los buscadores y bases de datos de ProQuest, Science Direct, PEDro, Embase y Clinicalkey. Se incluyeron artículos en dónde se valorará la propiocepción en atletas y jóvenes físicamente activos, publicados entre los años 2013 a 2017, con los términos: ‘’Proprioception’’, ‘’Athletes’’ y ‘’Assessment’’ unidos mediante el operador boleano ‘’AND’’. Resultados: se encontraron 21 artículos que describen métodos de valoración de la propiocepción. Conclusiones: Los métodos de valoración se enfocan principalmente a la valoración del sentido de posición articular, el umbral de detección de movimiento pasivo y el sentido de la fuerza.

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