5° Congreso Nacional y 1° Internacional de Ciencias Ambientales “Las Ciencias Ambientales en el Antropoceno”. Emisiones generadas y evitadas
5th National and 1st International Congress of Environmental Sciences “Environmental Sciences in the Anthropocene”. Emissions generated and avoided
Barra lateral del artículo
XML
PDF
FLIP
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Las actividades académicas, como los congresos, son muy importantes para la investigación y el desarrollo; sin embargo, las emisiones de carbono derivadas de la realización de eventos presenciales han mostrado estar muy por encima de las que producen eventos en línea. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar las emisiones generadas por el 5º Congreso Nacional y 1º Internacional de Ciencias Ambientales “Las Ciencias Ambientales en el Antropoceno”, celebrado virtualmente, en su mayor parte. Se estimaron las emisiones del uso directo de computadores y de software (emisiones de los computadores, emisiones de la transferencia de los datos) y las emisiones de otras fuentes (reuniones de los organizadores, búsquedas y visitas a la página Web, uso de monitores externos y lámparas), así como las emisiones evitadas por transporte aéreo y terrestre. El congreso emitió 4,8 tCO2eq y evitó 33 tCO2eq. El desarrollo de eventos online o híbridos es más sostenible ambientalmente y podría ser más accesibles, a un mayor número de personas
Palabras clave:
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Referencias (VER)
ACER. 2021. Greenpeace guide to greener electronics-2017. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/reports/greener-electronics-2017/ (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
ACHTEN, W.M.J.; ALMEIDA, J.; MUYS, B. 2013. Carbon footprint of science: More than flying. Ecological Indicators. 34:352-355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2013.05.025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.05.025
APPLE. 2021. Product environmental report. 16-inch MacBook Pro. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www.apple.com/environment/pdf/products/notebooks/16-inch_MacBookPro_PER_Nov2019.pdf (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
ASUS. 2021. ASUS corporate social responsibility. Disponible desde Internet en: https://csr.asus.com/english/article.aspx?id=1736 (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
AUJOUX, C.; KOTERA, K.; BLANCHARD, O. 2021. Estimating the carbon footprint of the GRAND project, a multi-decade astrophysics experiment. Astroparticle Physics. 131:102587.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2021.102587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2021.102587
BOUSEMA, T.; SELVARAJ, P.; DJIMDE, A.A.; YAKAR, D.; HAGEDORN, B.; PRATT, A.; BARRET, D.; WHITFIELD, K.; COHEN, J.M. 2020. Perspective piece reducing the carbon footprint of academic conferences: The example of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 103(5)1758-1761.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1013
BURTSCHER, L.; BARRET, D.; BORKAR, A.P.; GRINBERG, V.; JAHNKE, K.; KENDREW, S.; MAFFEY, G.; MCCAUGHREAN, M.J. 2020. The carbon footprint of large astronomy meetings. Nature Astronomy. 4(9):823-825.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-1207-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-1207-z
CEROCO2. 2021. CeroCO2 - Calcula tu huella de carbono. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www.ceroco2.org/soluciones-ceroco2/calculo-huella-de-carbono (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
DELL, T. 2021. Product Carbon Footprints | Dell Technologies US. Disponible desde Internet en: https://corporate.delltechnologies.com/en-us/social-impact/advancing-sustainability/sustainable-products-and-services/product-carbon-footprints.htm#tab0=0 (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, EEA. 2021. CO2-emission intensity from electricity generation — European Environment Agency. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/sds/co2-emission-intensity-from-electricity-generation-5/@@view (con acceso el 29/10/2021)
FABER, G. 2021. A framework to estimate emissions from virtual conferences. International Journal of Environmental Studies. 78(4):608–623.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2020.1864190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2020.1864190
FRASER, H.; SOANES, K.; JONES, S.A.; JONES, C.S.; MALISHEV, M. 2017. The value of virtual conferencing for ecology and conservation. Conservation Biology. 31(3):540-546.
https://doi.org/10.1111/COBI.12837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12837
GOOGLE. 2009. Powering a Google search. Disponible desde Internet en: https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/powering-google-search.html (con acceso el 29/10/2021)
GUERIN, T.F. 2017. A demonstration of how virtual meetings can enhance sustainability in a corporate context. Environmental Quality Management. 27(1):75-81.
https://doi.org/10.1002/TQEM.21515 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21515
HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, HP. 2021. Product Carbon Footprint Reports: Notebooks. Disponible desde Internet en: https://h22235.www2.hp.com/hpinfo/globalcitizenship/environment/productdata/ProductCarbonFootprintnotebooks.html (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
HOLDEN, M.H.; BUTT, N.; STRINGER, M. 2017. Academic conferences urgently need environmental policies Co-occurrence of dynamic communities View project Prioritising threat management for biodiversity View project. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1:1211-1212.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0296-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0296-2
ICAO ENVIRONMENT. 2021. ICAO Carbon emissions calculator. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Carbonoffset/Pages/default.aspx (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, IEA. 2011. CO2 emissions from fuel combustion – highlights.
JÄCKLE, S. 2021. Reducing the carbon footprint of academic conferences by online participation: The case of the 2020 Virtual European Consortium for Political Research General Conference. PS: Political Science & Politics. 54(3):456–461.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096521000020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096521000020
JENSEN, V.P. 2019. Internet uses more than 10 % of the world’s electricity. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www.insidescandinavianbusiness.com/article.php?id=356 (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
LARSSON, J.; ELOFSSON, A.; STERNER, T.; ÅKERMAN, J. 2019. Climate Policy International and national climate policies for aviation: a review. Climate Policy. 19(6):787-799.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1562871 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1562871
LENOVO. 2021a. Lenovo ThinkVision P24h-20/T24h-20 Product Carbon Footprint.
LENOVO. 2021b. Regulatory Compliance | ECO Declarations | Lenovo US. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/compliance/eco-declaration/?orgRef=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F (con acceso el 29/10/2021)
LEOCHICO, C.F.D.; LONGINI DI GIUSTO, M.; MITRE, R. 2021. Impact of scientific conferences on climate change and how to make them eco-friendly and inclusive: A scoping review. The Journal of Climate Change and Health. 4:100042.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100042
MATSUNO, Y.; TAKAHASHI, K.I.; TSUDA, M.; NAKAMURA, J.; NISHI, S. 2007. Eco-efficiency for Information and Communications Technology (ICT): The state of knowledge in Japan. Proceeding of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. p.1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369091
MILFORD, K.; RICKARD, M.; CHUA, M.; TOMCZYK, K.; GATLEY-DEWING, A.; LORENZO, A.J. 2021. Medical conferences in the era of environmental conscientiousness and a global health crisis: The carbon footprint of presenter flights to pre-COVID pediatric urology conferences and a consideration of future options. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 56(8):1312–1316.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDSURG.2020.07.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.07.013
NATHANS, J.; STERLING, P. 2016. How scientists can reduce their carbon footprint. eLife. 5:e15928.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15928 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15928
OLIVEIRA, T.C.; BARLOW, J.; GONÇALVES, L.; BAYER, S. 2013. Teleconsultations reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy. 18(4):209-214.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1355819613492717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1355819613492717
ONG, D.; MOORS, T.; SIVARAMAN, V. 2014. Comparison of the energy, carbon and time costs of videoconferencing and in-person meetings. Computer Communications. 50:86-94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMCOM.2014.02.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2014.02.009
PHILIPS. 2021. A-Shape LED 14A19/LED/827/FR/P/ND 4/4FB. Disponible desde Internet en: www.lighting.philips.com (con acceso el 29/10/2021)
QUINTON, J.N. 2020. Cutting the carbon cost of academic travel. Nature Reviews Earth and Environment. 1:13.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-019-0008-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-019-0008-3
RAGHAVAN, B.; MA, J. 2011. The energy and emergy of the internet. Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2070562.2070571
ROCKWELL, G.; ROSSIER, O.; MIYA, C. 2021. “Greening” academic gatherings: a case for econferences. En: Miya, C.; Rossier, O.; Rockwell, G. (Eds.). Right research: modelling sustainable research practices in the anthropocene f. Open Book Publishers (Cambridge, UK). p.463-510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0213.29
ROYAL GEOGR. SOC. 2006. The need for sustainable conferences. Area. 38(3):229-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2006.00710.x
SCHWARZ, M.; SCHERRER, A.; HOHMANN, C.; HEIBERG, J.; BRUGGER, A.; NUÑEZ-JIMENEZ, A. 2020. COVID-19 and the academy: It is time for going digital. Energy Research & Social Science. 68:101684.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ERSS.2020.101684 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101684
TAKAHASHI, K.I.; TSUDA, M.; NAKAMURA, J.; NISHI, S. 2006. Estimation of videoconference performance: Approach for fairer comparative environmental evaluation of ICT services. IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 288-291.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650078
TAYLOR, C.; KOOMEY, J. 2008. Estimating energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of internet advertising. IMC 2.
TOFFEL, M.; HOROVATH, A. 2004. Environmental implications of wireless technologies: news delivery and business meetings. Environmental Science & Technology. 38(11):2961-2970.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es035035o DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es035035o
UNIDAD DE PLANEACIÓN MINERO ENERGÉTICA, UPME. 2020. Resolución No. 000385 de 2020 - Actualización del factor marginal de emisión de gases de efecto. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www1.upme.gov.co/Normatividad/385_2020.pdf (con acceso el 29/10/2021)
VAN EWIJK, S.; HOEKMAN, P. 2021. Emission reduction potentials for academic conference travel. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 25(3):778-788.
https://doi.org/10.1111/JIEC.13079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13079
WARREN, T. 2020. Zoom grows to 300 million meeting participants despite security backlash: People continue to turn to Zoom to keep connected during the pandemic. The Verge. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/23/21232401/zoom-300-million-users-growth-coronavirus-pandemic-security-privacy-concerns-response (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
WHOLEGRAIN DIGITAL. 2021. Website carbon calculator. Disponible desde Internet en: https://www.websitecarbon.com (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
ZOOM. 2021. Zoom system requirements: Windows, macOS, Linux. Disponible desde Internet en: https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/201362023-System-Requirements-for-PC-Mac-and-Linux (con acceso el 29/10/2021).
Citado por
