Estados hipertensivos en el embarazo: revisión

Pregnancy hypertensive states: review

Contenido principal del artículo

Lina Vanessa Beltrán Chaparro
Pablo Benavides
Jesús A. López Rios
William Onatra Herrera

Resumen


La enfermedad hipertensiva en el embarazo es una de las primeras causas de morbimortalidad. La siguiente revisión pretende dar una visión de su fisiopatología, a la luz de la biología molecular. Se analizan los factores de riesgo, basados en la evidencia, el diagnóstico y el manejo, según las guías nacionales e internacionales, que permite tener un enfoque actualizado de una patología frecuente, para el especialista y para el médico general. Los autores desean que este documento sea de utilidad en la práctica médica.



 

Palabras clave:

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Referencias (VER)

ABALOS, E.; DULEY, L.; STEYN, D.W. 2014. Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 6;2:CD002252.

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS (ACOG). 2012. Practice Bulletin No. 125: Chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. 119(2):396-407.

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS (ACOG). 2013. Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 122(5):1122-1131.

ASKIE, L.M.; DULEY, L.; HENDERSON-SMART, D.J.; STEWART, L.A. 2007. Antiplatelet agents for prevention of pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 369 (9575):1791-1798.

BATEMAN, B.T.; SHAW, K.M.; KUKLINA, E.V.; CALLAGHAN, W.M.; SEELY, E.W.; HERNÁNDEZ-DÍAZ, S. 2012. Hypertension in women of reproductive age in the United States: NHANES 1999-2008. PLoS One Apr 7(4):e36171.

BOUCOIRAN, I.; THISSIER-LEVY, S.; WU, Y.; WEI, S.Q.; LUO, Z.C.; DELVIN, E.; FRASER, W.D.; AUDIBERT, F.; MIROS STUDY GROUP. 2013. Risks for preeclampsia and small for gestational age: predictive values of placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, and inhibin. A in singleton and multiplegestation pregnancies. Am. J. Perinat. 30(7):607-12.

BRENNAN, L.J.; MORTON, J.S.; DAVIDGE, S.T. 2014. Vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Microcirculation 21(1):4-14.

BRYANT, A.S.; SEELY, E.W.; COHEN, A.; LIEBERMAN, E. 2005. Patterns of pregnancy-related hypertension in black and white women. Hypertens. Pregnancy. 24(3):281-290.

BUITRAGO, G.G.; CASTRO, A.S.; CIFUENTES, R.B.; OSPINO, M.P.G., ARÉVALO, I.R.; GÓMEZ, P.L. 2013. Guía de Práctica Clínica para el abordaje de las complicaciones hipertensivas asociadas al embarazo. Rev. Col. Obstet. Ginecol. 64(3):289-326.

CHANG, S.H.; KANASAKI, K.; GOCHEVA, V.; BLUM, G.; HARPER, J.; MOSES, M.A.; SHIH, S.C.; NAGY, J.A.; JOYCE, J.; BOGYO, M.; KALLURI, R.; DVORAK, H.F. 2009. VEGF-A induces angiogenesis by perturbing the cathepsin-cysteine protease inhibitor balance in venules, causing basement membrane degradation and mother vessel formation. Cancer Res. 69(10):4537-4544.

CNOSSEN, J.S.; VOLLEBREGT, K.C.; DE VRIEZE, N.; TER RIET, G.; MOL, B.W.; FRANX, A.; KHAN, K.S.; VAN DER POST, J.A. 2008. Accuracy of mean arterial pressure and blood pressure measurements in predicting pre-eclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 336:1117-1120.

CONNOR-GORBER, S.; SINGH, H.; POTTIE, K.; JARAMILLO, A.; TONELLI, M. 2012. Process for guideline development by the reconstituted Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. CMAJ. 184(14):1575-81.

COX, B.; SHARMA, P.; EVANGELOU, A.I.; WHITELEY, K.; IGNATCHENKO, V.; IGNATCHENKO, A.; BACZYK, D.; CZIKK, M.; KINGDOM, J.; ROSSANT, J.; GRAMOLINI, A.O.; ADAMSON, S.L.; KISLINGER, T. 2011. Translational analysis of mouse and human placental protein and mRNA reveals distinct molecular pathologies in human preeclampsia. Mol Cell Proteomics. 10(12):M111.012526.

DE MAAT, M.P.; DE GROOT, C.J. 2011. Thrombophi lia and pre-eclampsia. Semin Thromb Hemost. 37(2):106-110.

DULEY, L.; GÜLMEZOGLU, A.M.; HENDERSON-SMART, D.J.; CHOU, D. 2010. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 10;(11) CD000025.

DVORAK, H.F. 2002. Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor: a critical cytokine in tumor angiogenesis and a potential target for diagnosis and therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 20:4368-4380.

ESTRADA-GUTIÉRREZ, G.; CAPPELLO, R.E.; MISHRA, N.; ROMERO, R.; STRAUSS, J.F.; WALSH, S.W. 2011. Increased expression of matrix metalloprotei nase-1 in systemic vessels of preeclamptic women: a critical mediator of vascular dysfunction. Am. J. Pathol. 178(1):451-460.

FESCINA, R.H.; DE MUCIO, B.; MARTÍNEZ, G.; DIAZ ROSSELLO, J.L.; MAINERO, L.; RUBINO, M. 2010. Instrucciones de llenado y definicion de la historia clinica perinatal. CLAP / OMS / SMR. No 1572: 1-82.

FILHO, E.V.; MOHR, C.; ACAUAN FILHO, B.J.; GADONSKI, G.; PAULA, L.G.; FERREIRA ANTONELLO, I.C.; POLI-DE-FIGUEIREDO, C.E.; PINHEIRODA-COSTA, B.E. 2010. A Flow-mediated dilatation in the differential diagnosis of preeclampsia syndrome. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 94(2):195-200.

FLACK, J.M.; KEITH, C.; FERDINAND, K.C.; NASSER, S.A.; ROSSI, N.F. 2010. Hypertension in special populations: chronic kidney disease, organ transplant recipients, pregnancy, autonomic dysfunction, racial and ethnic Populations. Cardiol. Clin. 28(4):623-638.

GARZÓN, D.; AGUDELO, C.C.; PARDO, R.; GAITÁN, H.; GÓMEZ, P.I.; PINILLA, A.R.; BUSTOS, J.C.; SÁNCHEZ, C.L.; PINEDA, F. 2010. Guia 14. Atencion de las complicaciones hipertensivas asociadas al embarazo. Ministerio de la Proteccion Social. Secretaria de Salud de Bogota. p.37-52.

GRILL, S.; RUSTERHOLZ, C.; ZANETTI-DÄLLENBACH, R.; TERCANLI, S.; HOLZGREVE, W.; HAHN, S.; LAPAIRE, O. 2009. Potential markers of preeclampsia: a review. Reprod. Biol. Endocrin. 14:7-70.

HAUTH, J.C.; EWELL, M.G.; LEVINE, R.J.; ESTERLITZ, J.R.; SIBAI, B.; CURET, L.B.; CATALANO, P.M.; MORRIS, C.D. 2000. Pregnancy outcomes in healthy nulliparas who developed hypertension. Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention Study Group. Obstet. Gynecol. 95(1):24-28.

HENRIQUES, A.C.; CARVALHO, F.H.; FEITOSA, H.N.; MACENA, R.H.; MOTA, R.M.; ALENCAR, J. 2014. Endothelial dysfunction after pregnancy induced hypertension. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 124(3):230-234.

JAMES, P.R.; NELSON-PIERCY, C. 2004. Management of hypertension before, during, and after pregnancy. Heart. 90:1499-1504.

LASH, G.E.; NARUSE, K.; ROBSON, A.; INNES, B.A.; SEARLE, R.F.; ROBSON, S.C.; BULMER, J.N. 2011. Interaction between uterine natural killer cells and extravillous trophoblast cells: effect on cytokine and angiogenic growth factor production. Hum. Reprod. 26(9):2289-2295.

LATA, I. 2013. Hepatobiliary diseases during pregnancy and their management: An update. Int. J. Crit. Illn. In.j Sci. 3(3):175-182.

LEEMAN, L.; FONTAINE, P. 2008. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Am. Fam. Physician. 78:93-100.

LEIS MÁRQUEZ, M.T.; RODRÍGUEZ BOSCH, M.R.; GARCÍA LÓPEZ, M.A. 2010. Guías del Colegio Mexicano de Especialistas en Ginecología y Obstetricia. Ginecol. Obstet. Mex. 78(6):S461-525.

LINDHEIMER, M.D.; KANTER D. 2010. Interpreting abnormal proteinuria in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. 115:365-375.

LYALL, F.; ROBSON, S.C.; BULMER, J.N. 2013. Spiral artery remodeling and trophoblast invasion in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: relationship to clinical outcome. Hypertension 62(6):1046-1054.

LOWE, S.A.; BROWN, M.A.; DEKKER, G.A.; GATT, S.; MCLINTOCK, C.K.; MCMAHON, L.P.; MANGOS, G.; MOORE, M.P.; MULLER, P.; PAECH, M.; WALTERS, B. 2009. Guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2008. Aus. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 49(3):242-246.

MAGEE, L.; HELEWEA, M.; MOUTQUIN, J.M.; VON DADLSZEN, P. 2008. .Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Hypertension Guideline Committee; Strategic Training Initiative in Research in the Reproductive Health Sciences (STIRRHS) Scholars. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can. 30(3 Suppl):S1-48.

MELER, E.; FIGUERAS, F.; BENNASAR, M.; GOMEZ, O.; CRISPI, F.; GRATACOS, E. 2010. The prognostic role of uterine artery Doppler investigation in patients with severe early-onset preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 202(6):559.E1-4.

MOHAJERTEHRAN, F.; TAVAKKOL AFSHARI, J.; REZAIEYAZDI, Z.; GHOMIAN, N. 2012. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1-β genes in patients with pre-eclampsia. Iran J. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 11(3):224-229.

MORI, T.; WATANABE, K.; IWASAKI, A.; KIMURA, C.; MATSUSHITA, H.; SHINOHARA, K.; WAKATSUKI, A. 2014. Differences in vascular reactivity between pregnant women with chronic hypertension and preeclampsia. Hypertens. Res. 37(2):145-150.

MUTZE, S.; RUDNIK-SCHONEBORN, S.; ZERRES, K.; RATH, W. 2008. Genes and the preeclampsia syndrome. J. Perinat. Med. 36(1):38-58.

QI, H.P.; FRASER, W.D.; LUO, Z.C.; JULIEN, P.; AUDIBERT, F.; WEI, S.Q. 2013. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and risk of preeclampsia. Am. J. Perinatol. 30(10):795-804.

RANA, S.; KARUMANCHI, S.A.; LINDHEIMER, M.D. 2014. Angiogenic factors in diagnosis, management, and research in preeclampsia. Hypertension. 63(2):198-202.

ROBERTS, J.M.; MYATT, L.; SPONG, C.Y.; THOM, E.A.; HAUTH, J.C.; LEVENO, K.J.; PEARSON, G.D.; WAPNER, R.J.; VARNER, M.W.; THORP, J.M. JR.; MERCER, B.M.; PEACEMAN, A.M.; RAMIN, S.M.; CARPENTER, M.W.; SAMUELS, P.; SCISCIONE, A.; HARPER, M.; SMITH, W.J.; SAADE, G.; SOROKIN, Y.; ANDERSON, G.B. 2010. Vitamins C and E to prevent complications of pregnancy-associated hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 362(14):1282-1291.

ROYAL COLLEGE OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNAECOLOGY (RCOG). 2011. Hypertension in pregnancy: The management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. NICE Clinical guideline. 107:2-53.

SAVAJ, S.; VAZIRI, N.D. 2012. An overview of recent advances in pathogenesis and diagnosis of preeclampsia. IJKD. 6(5):334-338.

SHARMA, S.; SINGH, M.; SHARMA, P.L. 2013 Mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular endothelium dysfunction possible dysregulation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and its downstream phosphoinositide dependent kinase and protein kinase B. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 721(1-3):365-372.

SIBAI, B.M. 2003. Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet. Gynecol. 102:181-192.

TATE, J.; BUSHNELL, C. 2011. Pregnancy and stroke risk in women. Womens Health (England). 7(3):363-74.

THE SOCIETY OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNAECOLOGISTS OF CANADA (SCOG). 2008. Diagnosis, evaluation and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can. 30(3):S1-S380.

TURNER, J.A. 2010. Diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia: an update. Interl J. Women's Health. 2:327-337.

VEERBEEK, J.H.; SMIT, J.G.; KOSTER, M.P.; POST UITERWEER, E.D.; VAN RIJN, B.B.; KOENEN, S.V.; FRANX, A. 2013 Maternal cardiovascular risk profile after placental abruption. Hypertension. 61(6):1297- 1301.

VEST, A.R.; CHO, L.S. 2014. Hypertension in pregnancy. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 16(3):395.

WILLIAMS, P.J.; MORGAN, L. 2012.The role of genetics in pre-eclampsia and potential pharmacogenomic interventions. Pharmacog. Pers. Med. 5:37-51.

ZAFARMAND, M.H.; NIJDAM, M.E.; FRANX, A.; GROBBEE, D.E.; BOTS, M.L. 2008 The angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism and development of preeclampsia / eclampsia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of observational studies. J. Hypertens. 26(9):1726-1734.

Citado por

Datos de la Publicación

Métrica
Éste artículo
Otros artículos
Pares Evaluadores 
0
2.4

Perfiles de revisores  N/D

Declaraciones del autor

Declaraciones del autor
Éste artículo
Otros artículos
Datos de Investigación 
No
16%
Financiación externa 
No
32%
Conflicto de Intereses 
N/D
11%
Métrica
Para esta revista
Otras Revistas
Tasa de aceptación 
16%
33%
Tiempo publicación (días) 
1078
145
Editor y consejo editorial:
Perfiles
Institución responsable 
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas UDCA
Editora: 
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A