Actividad promotora del crecimiento vegetal de cepas de Bacillus spp. en frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Plant growth-promoting activity of Bacillus spp. strains in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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Los microorganismos promotores del crecimiento vegetal (PGPM) representan una alternativa ecológica y eficiente frente al uso excesivo de fertilizantes químicos en la agricultura convencional. Dentro de este grupo funcional, las especies del género Bacillus se destacan por su versatilidad fisiológica, capacidad de esporulación y producción de metabolitos bioactivos. Dada esta relevancia, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad promotora del crecimiento de siete cepas nativas de Bacillus spp., aisladas de la rizosfera de Phaseolus vulgaris, cultivado bajo condiciones controladas. Las cepas fueron aisladas mediante tratamiento térmico, caracterizadas mediante pruebas bioquímicas y confirmadas taxonómicamente por secuenciación del gen 16S rRNA. Las especies identificadas incluyeron B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium y Sporosarcina pasteurii. Se evaluaron parámetros funcionales clave, como la producción de ácido indolacético (AIA), la cinética de crecimiento bacteriano y la influencia sobre variables morfológicas de la planta. Las cepas B. pumilus (AVCM54) y S. pasteurii (ACM044) mostraron una alta producción de AIA (>1,8 µg·mL⁻¹), lo que se correlacionó con un mayor desarrollo vegetativo de las plantas tratadas, evidenciado en la altura, el diámetro del tallo y la biomasa seca aérea y radicular. Estos resultados sugieren que las cepas seleccionadas poseen mecanismos bioestimulantes asociados a la síntesis de fitohormonas y la mejora de la eficiencia fisiológica de la planta. En conjunto, el estudio respalda el uso potencial de Bacillus spp. como bioinoculantes para la formulación de biofertilizantes aplicables en sistemas agrícolas sostenibles, especialmente en regiones tropicales, que enfrentan desafíos productivos y ambientales.
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