Ajuste del coeficiente basal de cultivo (Kcb) de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris) mediante teledetección

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) basal crop coefficient (Kcb) adjusted by remote sensing

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Jheison A. Guerrero-Gutierrez

Resumen

Para realizar un manejo eficiente del agua en la agricultura es necesario conocer los requerimientos hídricos del cultivo, lo cual, se puede realizar de manera sencilla y rápida, con la ayuda de cámaras convencionales. En este estudio, se determinaron los requerimientos hídricos de un cultivo de frijol (variedad DIACOL CALIMA G4494), sembrado en CIAT, Palmira - Valle del Cauca, Colombia, mediante la estimación de la curva del coeficiente basal de cultivo (Kcb), derivada de la curva de fracción de cobertura vegetal (Fcv). Para determinar la curva de fracción de cobertura vegetal, se emplearon imágenes tomadas con una cámara digital en el espectro visible (RGB), a baja altura (menos de 3 m). Las necesidades hídricas del cultivo de frijol, se calcularon empleando los valores del coeficiente basal de cultivo derivados junto con la modelación FAO-56. Los resultados indican que la curva de Kcb ajustada por fotografía fue diferente a la curva estándar presentada en la publicación FAO-56 para frijol, mostrando, principalmente, diferencia en la duración de las etapas y los valores de Kcb, en estas etapas. En cuanto a las necesidades hídricas, al emplear la curva de Kcb ajustada por fotografías, se evidencia que el cultivo requiere más agua en las etapas media y final, para evitar estrés hídrico en las plantas.

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