Caracterización estructural, térmica y morfológica de Crescentia cujete (totumo) con potencial uso como polímero biodegradable
Structural, thermal and morphological characterization of Crescentia cujete (totumo) with potential use as biodegradable polymer
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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Actualmente, se reconoce que los plásticos derivados de productos petroquímicos son uno de los mayores problemas sociales y ambientales, debido al uso excesivo y a la dificultad de su descomposición, lo que ha aumentado la preocupación por encontrar alternativas a estos materiales. De esta forma, este trabajo se centra en la caracterización por medio de DRX, FRX FTIR, DSC, TGA y análisis cualitativo de biodegradabilidad del fruto de Crescentia cujete (totumo), a fin de establecer bases para ser considerado una alternativa de uso, como polímero biodegradable. Los resultados de la caracterización estructural evidenciaron que se trata de un material semicristalino, compuesto, principalmente, de celulosa tipo I, con una cristalinidad del 29 %. Se determinó que la estabilidad térmica de este material alcanza los 175 °C, con la pérdida de humedad, siendo la única observación hasta esta temperatura. Se confirmó la presencia de hemicelulosa y celulosa a temperaturas superiores y su posterior descomposición. El estudio de biodegradabilidad indicó la presencia de un ataque microbiano a las 72 horas de monitoreo, evidenciado por la aparición de un hongo en la superficie del material, lo que causó cambios en la emisión de dióxido de carbono y monóxido de carbono. Después de 200 horas se observó una disminución del volumen del hongo, lo que sugiere que este se propagó al interior del material, dando origen puntos negros de descomposición en la superficie de las muestras. Así, el totumo se podría considerar como una alternativa de material lignocelulósico, para la preparación de materiales poliméricos biodegradables.
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