Establecimiento del hongo entomopatógeno beauveria bassiana como endófito en frutos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Establishment of the fungal entomopathogen beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.)
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El hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana fue re-aislado de superficies desinfectadas de fragmentos de la parte externa y del pedúnculo del fruto de cacao luego de dos y tres meses de que las flores de plantas criadas en invernadero fueran polinizadas manualmente y asperjadas con una suspensión de 1x107 mL-1 esporas de B. bassiana. La frecuencia de colonización de B. bassiana en el fruto de cacao fue de 0,8% y 1,3% luego de dos y tres meses de la aspersión de las esporas, respectivamente. Estos resultados indican que este hongo entomopatógeno puede ser establecido como hongo endófito de frutos de cacao luego de la aspersión de las flores de caco con esporas del hongo. Durante el estudio, también se aislaron otros hongos endófitos del fruto de cacao como Acremonium spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp. y Penicillium spp, y siete morfoespecies de bacterias, demostrando su presencia natural como endófitos de esta planta. Estos resultados sugieren que los frutos de cacao contribuyen al crecimiento tanto de hongos endófitos naturales como del hongo B. bassiana inoculado, y esto podría conllevar al establecimiento de una metodología novedosa para el manejo de insectos perforadores de frutos de cacao en programas de control biológico de insectos plaga.
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