Tratamiento bio-oxidativo de percolados provenientes de la fracción orgánica de residuos sólidos urbanos: un seguimiento espectroscópico
Bio-oxidative treatment of percolates from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste: A spectroscopic monitoring
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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La gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos está estrechamente relacionada con el aumento de la población, el desarrollo y el cambio climático. Estos residuos están compuestos por más de un 50 % de materia orgánica y un alto contenido en humedad, lo que conlleva la generación de lixiviados con altas concentraciones de materia orgánica disuelta (MOD) en descomposición y metales pesados, entre otros contaminantes. Esta amenaza a los ecosistemas naturales demanda esfuerzos para encontrar estrategias para su manejo y estabilización. En esta investigación se estudió el impacto de un tratamiento biológico aeróbico sobre la estabilización de la materia orgánica presente en los lixiviados, obtenidos a partir de la fracción orgánica de residuos sólidos separados en origen, como potencial estrategia para la producción de precursores de sustancias pre-húmicas con interés agronómico. Se realizó tratamiento bio-oxidativo con burbujeo de aire, para estabilizar la MOD y se hizo seguimiento cinético de las transformaciones estructurales, a nivel molecular, empleando espectroscopía infrarroja, resonancia magnética nuclear de hidrógeno y carbono y espectroscopía ultravioleta visible. Se identificó que en la MOD, inicialmente, ocurrieron procesos de mineralización de sustancias simples, como aminas y alcoholes y, en tiempos superiores a los 15 días de tratamiento, se formaron compuestos conjugados y estructuras aromáticas precursoras de sustancias húmicas. Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento empleado puede ser una alternativa para estabilizar los lixiviados provenientes de la fracción orgánica de los residuos sólidos urbanos, obteniendo, a su vez, productos de valor agregado, desde un punto de vista agronómico.
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