Interferón tau en la ventana de reconocimiento materno embrionario bovino
Interferon tau in the bovine maternal-embryonic recognition window
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El reconocimiento materno embrionario bovino es uno de los eventos de mayor importancia en la reproducción. Este proceso está regulado por múltiples señales celulares y endocrinas, entre el embrión, el endometrio y el cuerpo lúteo, que constituye la glándula transitoria de gran trascendencia en la ventana de reconocimiento materno embrionario, por ser el responsable de la producción de la progesterona. El interferón trofoblástico bovino (bint-t) llamado así por el sitio de producción, es la principal señal para el éxito en el establecimiento de la preñez, que favorece los procesos luteotrópicos funcionales y estructurales, garantizando la producción de progesterona y la integridad de las células, que constituyen el cuerpo lúteo. La luteólisis es un proceso comprendido en dos etapas: la luteólisis funcional y la estructural, ambas mediadas, principalmente, por la pgf2a. Este proceso es necesario para que el estro se presente de forma cíclica; una vez iniciados los mecanismos luteolíticos la posibilidad de una gestación se ve reducida. Dentro de los principales efectos del bint-t esta la inhibición de la síntesis y la liberación, de forma pulsátil, de la pgf2a en el endometrio bovino, el cual, está constituido por dos tipos de células: las endometriales epiteliales (ceep) y las endometriales estromales (cees); las primeras, poseen la capacidad de producir entre el 60 al 70% de la pgf2a total. El propósito de esta revisión es describir el papel del bint-t en la ventana de reconocimiento materno embrionario y sus principales efectos sobre la síntesis y la secreción de pgf2a y pge2, en el endometrio bovino.
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