Descripción del mecanismo bioquímico de la biohidrogenación en el rumen de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados: una revisión
Description of the biochemistry mechanism of polyunsaturated fatty acid ruminal biohydrogenation: a review
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La hidrólisis de los galactolípidos, los fosfolípidos, los sulfolípidos y los triglicéridos es el primer paso en el metabolismo de lípidos en el rumen, liberando ácidos grasos saturados, monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados. Recientemente, se ha reportado que el mecanismo de producción de ácido linoléico conjugado (C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, ALC), está asociado a un desplazamiento prototrópico y que en la síntesis de su isómero C18:2 trans-10, cis-12, participa la forma oxidada de flavin adenin dinucleótido (FAD). Primero, el ácido linoléico (C18:2 cis-9, cis-12, ALi) es convertido en ALC, que se transforma en ácido trans-vaccénico (C18:1 trans-11, ATV), produciéndose, finalmente, ácido esteárico. El ALi es el precursor del ALC y ATV, y el FAD es usado como cofactor en estos procesos. Una de las conclusiones de esta revisión es que a medida que el conocimiento del proceso de biohidrogenación aumenta, se dispone de más oportunidades para su aplicación. Una de las más relevantes es el diseño de estrategias nutricionales para incrementar la concentración de ácidos grasos bioactivos en leche y en carne.
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