ARN de interferencia (ARNi): una tecnología novedosa con potencial para el control de insectos plaga

Daniel Noriega; Arnubio Valencia; Bernardo Villegas

doi:10.31910/rudca.v19.n1.2016.107

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Noriega, D., Valencia, A., & Villegas, B. (2016). ARN de interferencia (ARNi): una tecnología novedosa con potencial para el control de insectos plaga. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 19(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v19.n1.2016.107

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https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v19.n1.2016.107

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Número

Vol. 19 Núm. 1 (2016): Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica. Enero - Junio

Sección

Ciencias Agrarias

Términos de Licencia (VER)

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.

Daniel Noriega

Universidad de Caldas

Arnubio Valencia

Universidad de Caldas

Bernardo Villegas

Universidad de Caldas

Resumen

El ARN de interferencia (ARNi) es un mecanismo biológico, ampliamente distribuido en eucariotas, por el cual, se consigue silenciar genes, mediante moléculas de ARN de doble cadena (ARNdc). El descubrimiento de este mecanismo, se llevó hace poco más de 15 años y, desde entonces, se han realizado diferentes investigaciones enfocadas, principalmente, a comprender mejor cómo funciona, su función en diferentes organismos, su uso para describir funciones de genes específicos y las potenciales aplicaciones que tendría en el desarrollo tecnológico, en otras áreas de la ciencia. El silenciamiento de genes se da por la interacción de complejos enzimáticos en el citoplasma con pequeñas moléculas de ARN (siRNA), las cuales, actúan sobre el ARN mensajero (ARNm) endógeno, impidiendo que sea traducido a proteína. Es un hecho que el ARNi puede ser una tecnología alternativa en el control de plagas de importancia agrícola, a través del silenciamiento selectivo de genes, considerados esenciales para la sobrevivencia de la plaga. La implementación de esta tecnología involucra una serie de estudios, que van desde la identificación de genes blanco, el diseño de secuencias de ARNdc, el desarrollo de bioensayos y pruebas en campo, que permitan evidenciar los reales efectos del silenciamiento y la evaluación de factores asociados, que pudieran generar variabilidad del proceso de silenciamiento, investigaciones que son necesarias para que esta tecnología se establezca, finalmente, en el mercado. El presente artículo presenta las bases teóricas del ARNi, los logros de esta tecnología, así como su potencial para el control de insectos plaga.

Palabras clave:

Silenciamiento génico

control de plagas

transcriptoma

ARNm

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Referencias (VER)

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