Efecto del pH sobre propiedades mecánicas, fisicoquímicas y morfológicas en películas comestibles multicomponentes
Effect of pH on mechanical, physicochemical and morphological properties in multicomponent edible films
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El pH es un parámetro fundamental a considerarse en el momento de diseñar películas multicomponentes, debido a que interviene en la compatibilidad e interacciones que se generan entre los componentes de la matriz, determina la funcionalidad de las mismas y como se demuestra en este estudio, el pH tiene una influencia significativa en las propiedades mecánicas, fisicoquímicas y morfologías de las películas. Con ese objetivo, se sometieron películas a base de goma gellan, gelatina, caseinato de calcio, aceite de canola, glicerol, tween 80 y natamisina, a cuatro niveles de pH T1:6,6 T2:6,2 T3:5,8 T4:5,4 para evaluar y determinar la influencia del pH en las propiedades finales de las películas. Como resultado obtenido en las propiedades, se presentaron diferencias significativas (α=0,05), influenciadas por la modificación del pH, de modo que, en las películas sometidas a un pH de T4=5,4 se generó una mejor compatibilidad de los componentes, por las condiciones del medio que permitieron obtener interacciones por fuerzas electrostáticas entre los polímeros y el aceite, evidenciándose en el mejor comportamiento mecánico con una elongación de 10,6 ± 1,8%, mayor permeabilidad al vapor de agua, solubilidad de 51 ± 0,02% y un contenido de humedad de 9 ± 3,0%; a diferencia de las películas de T1, en las cuales, predominaron las interacciones a través de los enlaces de hidrógeno, afectando la permeabilidad y el comportamiento mecánico de las mismas. En películas multicomponentes a base polímeros y lípidos para garantizar mayor compatibilidad e interacciones que se reflejan en mejores propiedades mecánicas, fisicoquímicas y morfológicas entre los componentes se deben elaborar películas a pH de 5,4 o, en caso contrario, en los cuales, las propiedades deban permitir mayores interacciones entre grupos polares de los componentes utilizar pH más básicos, como pH de 6,6.
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